Honey flow

Honey flow is a term used by beekeepers indicating that one or more major nectar sources are in bloom and the weather is favorable for bees to fly and collect the nectar in abundance.

The northern or southern latitudes with its longer summer day time hours can be of considerable benefit for honey production. Flowers will bloom for longer hours, the time per day that bees can fly is extended, and therefore the number of trips per day can be higher. In addition, the upper latitudes do not have hot and dry periods in the summer where virtually all of the excess nectar flow dries up.

Where there are a succession of nectar sources throughout the summer season, a honeyflow may last for many weeks. In other areas significant honeyflows may only last two or three weeks per year from one or a limited number of nectar sources. The rest of the year is spent in just maintenance - a situation where the incoming nectar and pollen nearly match the needed food for the hive, or where sufficient reserve stores must be present for the hive to survive a winter season.

Speed of work

Honeybees visit up to about 40 flowers per minute depending on floral type, nectar availability and weather conditions. Floral visitation rate by honeybees of some important crops:

• apricots 10 sec
• apples 68 sec
• cherries 82 sec
• raspberry 116 sec
• black currant 134 sec

The longer the time period, the greater the nectar availability. It takes twice as much time to collect a load of nectar compared with a load of pollen. A bee will visit 100 - 1000 flowers per trip from the hive.

There is general agreement that a single bee will do an average of 10 trips per day (range 7-13). Large single loads of nectar may weigh 70 mg for Italian bees. Sometimes a hive may gain 4 - 10 kg in a single day. For a 5 kg (11 pounds) gain this means:

$\ 7000\ forager\ bees\ \times \frac{10\ trips\ in\ good\ flying\ weather}{per\ day} \times \frac{70\ mg\ of\ nectar\ during\ honey\ flow}{per\ trip\ and\ bee} \times \frac{1kg}{1,000,000 mg} \approx 5 kg\ nectar\big /day$

In two days a strong hive with more than 20,000 foragers may fill a honey super.

See also

• Honey
• Honeydew source
• Northern Nectar Sources for Honeybees

Sources

• The hive and the honey bee, Chapter VII by Norman E. Gary "Activities and behavior of honey bees", Dadant, Hamilton, IL 1975
• Apiary Factsheet #111, Government of British Columbia, Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, Feb 2003; accessed Mar 2006